Today’s first link in the post-quantum cryptography section is about OpenSSH adopting one of the NIST PQC standards. OpenSSH is a widely adopted open-source implementation of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, offering secure solutions for remote access, file transfers, and system administration. We must continue pushing these new PQC standards into the common protocols and infrastructure. To further emphasize this, I’ve linked to a just-published report, “Secure Data Infrastructure in a Post-Quantum Cryptographic World,” written by Krista Case of the Futurum Group and me in partnership with NetApp. I think it nicely lays out the potential threats of quantum computers to cybersecurity and what you should start doing immediately to ameliorate the dangers. I’m driving from western New York to Washington, D.C., this afternoon to attend and speak at the Quantum.Tech event being held at the Conrad Hotel downtown. I could fly, but sometimes it’s just nicer to throw things in the truck (black Dodge Ram 1500) and get to where I must be. The trip will take about 6 hours, not including stops, and is about 360 miles. While there, I’ll be doing a session with the brief name “The Controversial Road to the Post-NISQ Era: Are Hardware and Software Companies Truly Prepared for Quantum’s Next Phase?”. We’re still finalizing the format, but I promise it will be fireside. I’m looking forward to catching up with friends and colleagues and will try to do my video walkthrough of the exhibits as I did last year. Actually, I had to do it twice because I forgot to press record the first time. We’ll just call that a dry run. Today is World Quantum Day 2025, so the timing of the conference is ideal. Unlike π Day in March, there is no obvious food to make and consume, but I suspect people will get clever in how they celebrate. Don’t forget to check out and bookmark my new sortable list of upcoming quantum technology conferences. The latest Sutor Group report is freely available online: Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) Market Landscape (Abridged) – April 3, 2025. https://www.iotworldtoday.com/quantum/industry-marks-world-quantum-day-2025 Author: Berenice Baker Date: Monday, April 14, 2025 Commentary: I’m quoted. Excerpt: This year, the occasion carries added significance as it falls within the United Nations International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, a global initiative to spotlight the growing impact of quantum technologies across sectors, from health care and energy to communications and finance. The International Year of Quantum has amplified the reach and resonance of World Quantum Day in 2025, inspiring educational, scientific and industrial events to demonstrate real-world quantum use cases, explore future applications and promote quantum literacy. Date: Thursday, April 10, 2025 Excerpt: Sparrow Quantum, a leading European supplier of photonic quantum chips, has secured €21.5 million in Series A funding to accelerate the development and commercialization of its world-leading quantum chip technology. The investment round was led by PensionDanmark, with strong backing from EIFO and Novo Holdings and additional investments from existing investors 2xN, LIFTT, and the European Innovation Council. This investment will enable Sparrow Quantum to meet the growing demand for photonic quantum hardware by accelerating R&D, expanding chip production, and bringing next-generation quantum chips to market. Date: Wednesday, April 9, 2025 Excerpt: OpenSSH 10.0 has been officially released, introducing a number of protocol changes and security upgrades, including a key enhancement for post-quantum security. The release makes the mlkem768x25519-sha256 algorithm the default for key agreement. This hybrid algorithm combines ML-KEM (a NIST-standardized key encapsulation mechanism) with the classical X25519 elliptic curve method, offering quantum-resistant properties while maintaining compatibility and performance. Authors: Dr. Bob Sutor and Krista Case Date: Monday, April 14, 2025 Commentary: The content requires name, email, affiliation etc. to access. Excerpt: In our latest Research Brief, Secure Data Infrastructure in a Post-Quantum Cryptographic World, completed in partnership with NetApp, The Futurum Group explores the evolving threat landscape, details the NIST-approved PQC standards, and outlines how businesses can prepare their data infrastructure to meet the challenges of the post-quantum era. https://www.saxonq.com/en/live-demonstration-auf-hannover-messe-gezeigt/ Date: Tuesday, April 8, 2025 Commentary: Honestly, I don’t know why it needs to be portable. Excerpt: SaxonQ, developer of the first mobile quantum computer, and Quantum Machines, the leading provider of advanced hybrid quantum-classical control solutions, announced today a milestone demonstration of real-time quantum computing on SaxonQ’s mobile quantum computer at Hannover Messe 2025. The live demonstrations included a of H₂ energy levels and basic real-time image recognition, marking the first time anyone has shown such applications running on a portable room-temperature quantum computer publicly, demonstrate the potential of mobile quantum computing outside laboratory conditions. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-96220-2 Authors: Quinton, Finley Alexander; Myhr, Per Arne Sevle; Barani, Mostafa; Crespo del Granado, Pedro; and Zhang, Hongyu Date: Sunday, April 13, 2025 Commentary: This is the crux of the annealing issue: will it ever be significantly better than classical approaches, especially when you consider the availability of the GPU-laden datacenters and the eventual pervasiveness of universal quantum computers. Excerpt: Quantum computing is rapidly advancing, harnessing the power of qubits’ superposition and entanglement for computational advantages over classical systems. However, scalability poses a primary challenge for these machines. By implementing a hybrid workflow between classical and quantum computing instances, D-Wave has succeeded in pushing this boundary to the realm of industrial use. Furthermore, they have recently opened up to mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems, expanding their applicability to many relevant problems in the field of optimisation. However, the extent of their suitability for diverse problem categories and their computational advantages remains unclear. This study conducts a comprehensive examination by applying a selection of diverse case studies to benchmark the performance of D-Wave’s hybrid solver against that of industry-leading solvers such as CPLEX, Gurobi, and IPOPT. The findings indicate that D-Wave’s hybrid solver is currently most advantageous for integer quadratic objective functions and shows potential for quadratic constraints. To illustrate this, we applied it to a real-world energy problem, specifically the MILP unit commitment problem. While D-Wave can solve such problems, its performance has not yet matched that of its classical counterparts. Author: Matt Swayne Date: Thursday, April 10, 2025 Excerpt: The Gross code is IBM’s answer to a problem that has defined quantum computing from the start: quantum bits, or qubits, are noisy and prone to errors. That’s a problem for large calculations, which require reliable logical qubits — units of stable information made by combining many physical qubits and correcting for their failures. Most error-correcting schemes demand thousands of physical qubits to protect a single logical one. IBM says its new code could cut that number to just 25. https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.05611 Authors: Stack, John; Wang, Ming; and Mueller, Frank Date: Tuesday, April 8, 2025 Excerpt: Quantum computing is facing challenges in terms of scaling to thousands of qubits and implementing quantum error correction (QEC). Scaling efforts focus on connecting multiple smaller quantum devices in a distributed manner while error correction, as a means to overcome noisy physical qubits, is being addressed by developing denser codes with protocols for logical qubits and logical quantum gates. Teleportation of quantum states becomes an important operation as it transfers states from one node to another node within a distributed device. For physical qubits, today’s high quantum network noise rates prevent the teleportation of states with useful accuracy. By employing QEC, we show that logical qubits can be teleported between nodes under Surface Code and qLDPC encodings with very low logical error rates, even with network noise in near-term regimes. We use circuit-level simulations to assess physical and network noise regimes ranging from 10–1 to 10–6. This is a wider range than typically studied in circuit level simulations and understanding the behavior of QEC codes in these regimes is necessary for achieving accurate computation.Today’s Brief Commentary:
Contents
General News, Articles, and Analyses
Industry Marks World Quantum Day 2025
Earnings Announcements and Financial Dealings
Sparrow Quantum Secures €21.5 Million to Accelerate Photonic Quantum Innovation in Europe
Post-Quantum Cryptography and Security
OpenSSH 10.0 Introduces Default Post-Quantum Key Exchange Algorithm | Quantum Computing Report
Secure Data Infrastructure in a Post-Quantum Cryptographic World | The Futurum Group
Quantum Computing
In real-world environment: SaxonQ shows live demonstration on mobile quantum computer
Quantum annealing applications, challenges and limitations for optimisation problems compared to classical solvers
Quantum Error Correction and Fault Tolerance
IBM Quantum CTO Says Codes And Commitment Are Critical For Hitting Quantum Roadmap Goals
Quantum Error Correction and Fault Tolerance | Technical
[2504.05611] Assessing Teleportation of Logical Qubits in a Distributed Quantum Architecture under Error Correction
Sutor Group Intelligence and Advisory
Dr. Bob Sutor is the CEO and Founder of Sutor Group Intelligence and Advisory. Sutor Group provides broad market insights and deep technical expertise based on over four decades of experience with startups and large corporations. It advises Deep Tech startups, companies, and investors on quantum technologies, AI, and other emerging tech fields.
Sutor Group shares its knowledge and analysis through direct client engagements and seminars, reports, newsletters, books, written and on-air media appearances, and speaking and panel moderation at the top conferences and client events.
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